11 October 2018

GK Chesterton's Lepanto, with annotations: Part 4

Mahound is in his paradise above the evening star,
(Don John of Austria is going to the war.)
He moves a mighty turban on the timeless houri’s knees,
His turban that is woven of the sunset and the seas.
He shakes the peacock gardens as he rises from his ease,
And he strides among the tree-tops and is taller than the trees,
And his voice through all the garden is a thunder sent to bring
Black Azrael and Ariel and Ammon on the wing.
Giants and the Genii,
Multiplex of wing and eye,
Whose strong obedience broke the sky
When Solomon was king.
Mahound: 1) a pejorative term for Mohammad; 2) a demon; 3) a self-seeking impostor; 4) it is said that during a congregation of Meccans, Mohammad was unable to convince them to stop worshipping their current idols (totalling over 360). In the end a compromise was adopted and it was decided that all the other Gods were false except Lat, Uzza and Manat. Mohammad later claimed this idea was given to him by Satan and he retracted the  verses from the Koran. This is covered in Salman Rushdie's book 'The Satanic verses'.

Azrael: The much feared ‘spirit of death’ in both Islamic and Hebrew lore, Azrael's name means 'whom God helps.'

Ariel:  'Lion of God', a demonic spirit; Ariel is said to have worked closely with King Solomon in conducting spiritual manifestations.

Ammon: The demon Ammon, who is usually shown with the horns of a ram, was initially venerated by Libyan desert tribes. He may have been related to the Semitic Ba'al Hammon (worshipped among the Phoenicians and Carthaginians). Its worship subsequently spread all over Egypt, a part of the northern coast of Africa, and many parts of Greece. The Ammonites worshipped Moloch.

Solomon: 10th century king of Israel who fell into idolatry in the second half of his life.
[23] And king Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth in riches, and wisdom. [24] And all the earth desired to see Solomon's face, to hear his wisdom, which God had given in his heart. [3 Kings X]
[3] And he had seven hundred wives as queens, and three hundred concubines: and the women turned away his heart. [4] And when he was now old, his heart was turned away by women to follow strange gods: and his heart was not perfect with the Lord his God, as was the heart of David his father. [5] But Solomon worshipped Astarthe the goddess of the Sidonians, and Moloch the idol of the Ammonites. ...  [7] Then Solomon built a temple for Chamos the idol of Moab, on the hill that is over against Jerusalem, and for Moloch the idol of the children of Ammon. [8] And he did in this manner for all his wives that were strangers, who burnt incense, and offered sacrifice to their gods. [9] And the Lord was angry with Solomon [3 Kings XI]

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